Library
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Oral papillomas are benign tumours of the epithelial lining of the mouth and throat caused by papillomaviruses. The viruses are specific for that species of animal and fairly site specific but can be transmitted to skin or eyes if the protective outer epithelium is damaged.
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Squamous cell carcinomas are malignant cancers originating from the lining cells of the mouth. They are locally invasive and often recurrent.
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Bilateral orchidectomy or castration, neuters or desexes the dog. Orchidectomy may also be performed for the treatment of testicular tumours and sometimes infections involving the prostate gland.
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Raising an orphaned litter is a time consuming although rewarding experience. Neonates are very fragile and despite all the care and attention, losses can be inevitable.
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Osaterone acetate is used in male dogs for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. This means an increase in size of the prostate gland and this increase in size is not due to cancer.
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Osteoarthritis commonly occurs in older cats but the importance of this disease has only recently been recognised. This is because it can be difficult to see the signs of arthritis in cats as they are not taken out for walks (like dogs) and are very adaptive.
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Infection of the external ear canal (outer ear) by mites, bacteria or yeast, is one of the most common types of infections seen in dogs.
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The otodectic mite usually infests the ears and can result in otodectic mange. This causes irritation leading to bacterial infections which can result in otitis externa.
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Some ovarian cancers are benign and others malignant. In some cases, removal of the affected ovary will be curative. Spread to other internal organs (metastasis) is possible with some types, particularly the larger tumours.
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Even when undergoing relatively routine procedures such as neutering the assessment of pain and its control are very important for your dog.